Recent Papers

Volume 6 - 2015 - Issue 4

1. Erratum to: The first African record of Artolenzites acuta comb. nov. (Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae)

Authors: Ambit RT, Mossebo DC

Recieved: 13 July 2015, Accepted: 13 July 2015, Published: 13 July 2015

Erratum to : Mycosphere 6(3), 280–289, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/6

The original publication contains the following errors:

Page 282, line 34: Delete the words

Lenzites acuta Berk (1842)
Dadalea inaequabilis Berk (1843)
Daedalea flavida Lev. L.C. (1844)
Trametes lobata Berk (1851)
Lenzites becklerii Berk (1872)
Daedalea isabellina Murr. (1908)
Lenzites adusta Mass (1910)
Hexagonia flavofusca Lloyd (1922)

It should be read as

Basionym

Lenzites acuta Berk. London J. Bot. 1(3): 146 (1842) ( MB≠200258)

Synonyms

Cellulariella acuta (Berk.) Zmitr. Et Malysheva, IF 180 : 1 (2014) (MB≠804637)
Cellularia acuta (Berk.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3 : 451 (1898)(MB≠468434)
Trametes acuta (Berk.) Imazeki, Bulletin of the Tokyo Science Museum 6 : 73 (1943) (MB≠282909)

Keywords: N/A

2. Fenestellaceae

Authors: Phookamsak R, Hyde KD

Recieved: 10 June 2015, Accepted: 27 June 2015, Published: 13 July 2015

Fenestellaceae is a poorly known family which comprises the genera Fenestella, Lojkania and Pleurostromella. There is limited molecular data or modern taxonomic descriptions for taxa of these genera. We therefore loaned the type and other specimens of Fenestella princeps and Lojkania hungarica from herbaria worldwide to clarify the morphological characters of Fenestella and Lojkania. A circumscription of the type species, Fenestella princeps and Lojkania hungarica is provided. Fenestella faberi and F. fenestrata have also been studied and are described and discussed. Lojkania is excluded from Fenestellaceae based on morphology and tentatively placed in Testudinaceae. In the study, we maintain the family Fenestellaceae until the type species is recollected and molecular phylogeny is used to confirm its natural placement.

Keywords: Asexual morph – Fenestella – Fenestellaceae – Lojkania – Pleurostromella

3. Proximate analysis and mineral constituents of Macrolepiota dolichaula and soils beneath its fruiting bodies

Authors: Rizal LM, Hyde KD, Chukeatirote E, Chamyuang S

Recieved: 20 June 2015, Accepted: 06 July 2015, Published: 15 July 2015

The nutritional quality of Macrolepiota dolichaula (strain MFLUCC 13-0579) grown in orchard soils was investigated. Proximate analysis showed M. dolichaula fruiting bodies to contain 27% protein, 38% carbohydrates, 15% fiber, 2% lipid, 10% ash and 8% moisture. The energy value was calculated as 286 KJ per 100 g dry weight of mushroom. The content of seven essential minerals in this mushroom, as well as top soils (0–5 cm) below the mushrooms were explored. In addition, the bioaccumulation potential of minerals in the fruiting bodies were calculated as a ratio between the mineral concentration in the mushrooms and the soil concentration were studied. Mineral contents were Fe (15.94 in mushrooms; 5.77 in soil), Na (5.83; 2.78), Cu (1.94; 0.64), Zn (1.69; 0.99) and Mg (0.99; 0.61), Mn (0.81; 2.21) and Ca (0.34; 14.58) for mg/100 g dry weight. The bioconcentration factors (BCF), showed that this mushroomis efficient in the absorption of Fe, Na, Zn and Mg which are low in soils (BCF > 1), while Ca, and Mn are poorly absorbed in its fruiting bodies, although the Ca and Mn contents in soils were high (BCF < 1). Based on this study, it can be concluded that M. dolichaula is a good dietary source of essential nutrients and minerals which are found within the acceptable limits for human consumption.

Keywords: Cultivated mushroom – minerals bioaccumulation – nutritional supplements

4. Observations on the Astraeus spp. of Southwestern India

Authors: Pavithra M, Greeshma AA, Karun NC, Sridhar KR

Recieved: 15 January 2015, Accepted: 01 March 2015, Published: 15 July 2015

Astraeus is a widespread genus of gasteromycete in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions. During mycological survey, two distinct species of Astraeus were recovered from the Southwestern India. Astraeus hygrometricus was frequent in forests of foothill region of the Western Ghats. In fire affected scrub jungles of the west coast, Astraeus odoratus was common and represents second report from the Indian Subcontinent. Astraeus spp. recovered were ectomycorrhizal in a variety of native and exotic tree species growing in sandy loam/gravel/pebble-rich lateritic soils. Tender A. hygrometricus occurring in forests of foothill region of the Western Ghats serve as traditional nutritional delicacy and sold in local markets during rainy season.

Keywords: Astraeus - Ectomycorrhizae - edibility - gasteromycete - macrofungi

5. A new species of Scytinopogon from the island of Príncipe, Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa

Authors: Desjardin DE, Perry BA

Recieved: 08 May 2015, Accepted: 07 July 2015, Published: 16 July 2015

Scytinopogon havencampii is described as new from material collected from a non-ectotrophic forest on the West African island of Príncipe. Diagnostic features include brown, non-flattened branches with white tips, small, white, ellipsoid, coarsely echinate basidiospores, 2-spored basidia, non-inflated hyphae, and brittle basidiomes that dry grayish white. Phylogenetic analyses of nLSU sequence data confirm placement of this new taxon within the Trechisporales. A comprehensive description, photograph of basidiome, SEM of basidiospores, DNA sequences, and comparisons with phenetically similar taxa are provided.

Keywords: coral fungi – Gulf of Guinea – systematics – taxonomy – Trechisporales

6. Checklist of Central and South American Agaricales (Basidiomycota) II: Strophariaceae

Authors: Coimbra VRM

Recieved: 19 March 2015, Accepted: 12 June 2015, Published: 18 July 2015

Following a serie of papers inventorying the agaric mycota (Agaricales) of Central and South Americas, this second publication is a literature-based checklist of the dark-spored family Strophariaceae. In total, 288 taxa belonging to 18 genera are reported here, mainly for Argentina (120 spp.) and Brazil (115 spp.), the most representative countries. This list is an effort to organize the widespread knowledge of Strophariaceae species diversity and geographical distribution, but does not reflect the real diversity of Strophariaceae from this region.

Keywords: agarics – America – diversity – Neotropics

7. Geastrum hirsutum or G. trichiferum (Basidiomycota, Geastraceae): which name do use?

Authors: Silva BDB, Sousa JO, Rodrigues ACM, Bicudo CEM, Calonge FD, Baseia IG

Recieved: 01 May 2015, Accepted: 28 May 2015, Published: 25 July 2015

Geastrum hirsutum was described in 2006 and synonymized with G. trichiferum in 2012. Reevaluating the nomenclature and the typification of the two Geastrum species, it was found that G. trichiferum cannot be used since its basionym Geaster trichifer is a nomen nudum as it was published without description or reference to a previous effectively published description. Attempting to validate the name G. trichifer, a lectotypification was made in 2012, which does not resolve G. trichifer’s situation, since G. hirsutum has publication date priority over the lectotypification. As a nomen nudum, Geastrum trichiferum becomes unavailable and can no longer be used, since it was not validly published.

Keywords: earthstars – gasteromycetes – nomenclature – taxonomy – typus

8. Choosing between pathogenicity and saprophytism: A case study from Rhizactonia solani, a potato pathogen

Authors: Manmathan HK, Rioux R and Tavantzis S

Recieved: 03 April 2015, Accepted: 19 July 2015, Published: 09 August 2015

The basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani is ubiquitous in the soil, can survive in soil as a saprophytic pathogen as well as infect the roots/tubers and lower stems of plants. The virulent isolate of R. Solani anastomosis group 3, Rhs 1AP, causes black scurf disease of potato. Rhs 1AP shows reduced virulence in the presence of quinic acid, a phenolic compound from composted plant materials. To identify molecular mechanisms associated with quinic acid induced hypovirulence, a subtracted cDNA library was constructed from Rhs 1AP that had been made hypovirulent by the application of exogenous quinic acid in the presence of the potato host. Trends in the transcriptome indicated that quinic acid interferes with overall metabolic processes of fungal-plant interactions resulting in drastic changes in nitrogen and carbon metabolism, protein recycling, energy metabolism and down regulation of pathogenesis related genes. In addition, expression of genes associated with glyoxylate metabolism, and those linked to oxalate degradation were up regulated. These results provide an initial account of the molecular basis of quinic acid induced hypovirulence inR.solani in potato system.

Keywords: black scurf – candidate genes – fungi– hypovirulence – quinic acid

9. New record of Thysanorea papuana from India

Authors: Pratibha J and Prabhugaonkar A

Recieved: 08 May 2015, Accepted: 14 June 2015, Published: 13 August 2015

Abstract Studies on litter degrading microfungi from forests of Western Ghats is discovering many fungi, some of which are very rare in nature. This paper illustrates Thysanorea papuana and is the first report of its occurrence in India, extending distribution from its originally described locality of Papua New Guinea. The genus Thysanorea is monotypic and is reported for the first time from India. The identity of the fungus is confirmed based on morphological characters and molecular phylogeny of ITS and LSU regions. Isolation of this fungus is an important distributional record for this rare fungal species.

Keywords: Biodiversity – Western Ghats

10. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with plantations of Pinus taeda L. from the National University of Asunción, Paraguay

Authors: Campi MG, Maubet YE, Britos L

Recieved: 03 April 2015, Accepted: 19 July 2015, Published: 16 August 2015

Four species of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus taeda L. are cited. This species is estimated to have been introduced to Paraguay during the 20thcentury and the mycorrhizal mushrooms were inoculated in the roots of the trees, therefore they are considered non-native species. Geastrum minumun Schwein., Pisolithus arrizhus (Scop.) Rauschert, Suillus granulatus and Scleroderma bovista Fr. are cited for the first time for Paraguay. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics are included as well as a brief description of Pinus taeda L..

Keywords: ectomycorrhizal – exotic fungi – gymnosperms

11. New species and new records of lichenicolous fungi from South Korea

Authors: Joshi Y, Kondratyuk S, Lőkös L, Halda JP, Oh S-O, Hur J-S

Recieved: 01 May 2015, Accepted: 15 July 2015, Published: 24 August 2015

One new species of lichenicolous fungus (Endococcus xanthoparmeliae) along with four new records (Cercidospora caudata, Clypeococcum cladonema, Epicladonia simplex and Lichenostigma cosmopolites) are described based on floristic work on lichens and lichenicolous fungi in the Bogil, Chuja and Jeju Islands of South Korea, bringing the total number of lichenicolous fungi species recognized in South Korea to nineteen. The new species grows on the epilithic foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia coreana, while Cercidospora caudata, Clypeococcum cladonema, Epicladonia simplex and Lichenostigma cosmopolites grow on Caloplaca bogilana, Xanthoparmelia coreana, Cladonia sp. and Xanthoparmelia coreana, respectively.The new species is described in detail and compared with the morphologically most similar species of the genus, while brief description and ecology is being provided for the new records. Furthermore, presence of Endococcus verrucosus in South Korea is also being confirmed and a brief description of that too is also provided.

Keywords: Flora – island – Lichens – Lichenicolous fungi – mycobiota

12. Geastrum laevisporum: a new earthstar fungus with uncommon smooth spores

Authors: Sousa JO, Baracho GS, Baseia IG

Recieved: 08 May 2015, Accepted: 29 June 2015, Published: 24 August 2015

Geastrum laevisporum is found occurring in the xerophitic shrubland biome named “Caatinga”, from Paraíba State, Brazil. Growing in groups on soil, several specimens were collected and studied. The fundamental diagnostic characteristic for this new species is the smooth basidiospore surface. Description, discussion and photographs of this new taxon are given.

Keywords: Geastraceae – gasteromycetes – taxonomy – biodiversity